The hysteroscope has an optical system, usually connected to a VCR, and luminogenics transmitted by optical fibers. The gynecologist inserts a lens to view the inside of the uterus; the lens can also be connected to a camera to view the image on a monitor. The camera, in turn, can be connected to a VCR, DVD recorder or any other recording devices. The uterine cavity used to distent using saline, sorbitol or dextrose solution or carbon dioxide were used; currently though, a physiological solution is used most frequently. After cervical expansion, the hysteroscope is inserted into the uterine cavity for inspection. If abnormalities are found, the gynecologist proceeds with the hysteroscope channel, where you can enter specialized surgical instruments, such as scissors, tweezers and bipolar electrodes to operate in the uterine cavity.

Earlier intervention hysteroscopy always carried out under general anesthesia while diagnostic hysteroscopy using smaller gauge instruments and noninvasive, it was performed without anesthesia. But now the day has developed hysteroscopes small diameter (3 mm) to allow interventions in the office without the need for anesthesia, with a total duration of the procedure no more than twenty minutes.